Cognitive networks: a Darwinian approach

نویسندگان

  • Philippe Jacquet
  • Paul Mühlethaler
چکیده

In this paper we present a new approach for cognitive radio. In the usual approach the secondary network is in charge of monitoring the channel to determine whether or not the primary network is active in the area. If not, the secondary network is allowed to use the spectrum. In the new scheme we propose, the primary network encompasses the techniques which allow it to capture the bandwidth even if the secondary network is transmitting in the area. The access scheme of the primary network is preemptive towards the secondary network. In this paper we present a scheme which is preemptive over the IEEE 802.11 decentralized access scheme. This protocol is a generalized Carrier Sense Multiple Access scheme using active signaling. Instead of only sensing the carrier, this algorithm also transmits bursts of signal which may be sensed by the other nodes. If so, they give up the selection process. We show that this scheme is preemptive over the IEEE 802.11 decentralized access scheme if the bursts transmitted by the node in the primary network are built with special sequences which alternate bursts of signal and periods of sensing. These sequences called (d, k) sequences [1] encompass a maximum number of zeros during which the node senses the channel to find other possible concurrent transmissions. In practice we use d = 0 and k depends on the duration on the IEEE 802.11 interframe and the duration of a signaling burst. We compute the number of (0, k) sequences with respect to the length n of the sequence. We also show that (d, k) sequences (with 2d > k) can used if by mistake during the the signaling phase one burst is not detected. We evaluate the number of such sequences. In a second part of this paper we propose a simple analytical model to compute the mean delay for the primary users versus the load of the primary and secondary users. We show that we have hierachical independence between the primary and secondary users [2] Key-words: Cognitive network, primary and secondary network, Carrier Multiple Access (CSMA), active signaling, preemptive access, d(d, k) sequences. ∗ Alcatel Bell Labs † INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt ha l-0 06 72 99 5, v er si on 1 22 F eb 2 01 2 Réseaux cognitifs une approche darwinienne Résumé : Dans ce papier nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour les réseaux cognitifs radio. Dans l’approche traditionnelle le réseau secondaire est en charge de la surveillance du canal pour déterminer si oui ou non le réseau primaire est actif dans dans la zone. Si ce n’est pas le cas, le réseau secondaire est autorisé à utiliser le spectre. Dans le nouveau mécanisme que nous proposons, le réseau primaire utilise une technique qui lui permet de préempter la bande passante même dans le cas où le réseau secondaire transmet dans cette zone. La technique d’accès du réseau primaire est préemptive sur le schéma décentralisé de la norme IEEE 802.11. Ce protocole est un système à détection de porteuse généralisé qui utilise un signalement actif. Au lieu d’uniquement sonder le canal avant la transmission, la technique d’accès envoie également des busrts de signal qui peuvent être détectés par les autres noeuds qui cherchent à transmettre. Si c’est le cas, ces noeuds abandonnent, pour ce cycle, leur tentative de transmission. Nous montrons que ce mécanisme est préemptif sur l’accès décentralisé de 802.11 si les enchaiments de transmission/écoute sont construits avec des séquences binaires spéciales. Ces séquences appelées (d, k) séquences doivent contenir un nombre un nombre maximal k de 0 successifs et un nombre minimum d. En pratique nous utiliserons d = 0 et k dépend de la durée des intertrames dans 802.11 et de la durée des burts de signalement actifs. Nous calculons le nombre de (0, k) séquences en fonction de k et de leur longueur n. Nous montrons également que des (d, k) séquences (avec 2d > k) peuvent être utilisées pour pallier à la non détection d’un burst de signalement. Nous évaluons aussi le nombre de ces séquences. Dans une seconde partie de cet article nous calculons le délai moyen pour les utilisateurs du réseau primaires en fonction de la charge des réseaux primaire et secondaire. Nous montrons que nous avons une indépendance hiérachique des performances entre réseau primaire et secondaire. Mots-clés : Réseau cognitif, réseau primaire et secondaire, détection de porteuse (CSMA), Signalement active, accès préemptif, (d, k) séquences ha l-0 06 72 99 5, v er si on 1 22 F eb 2 01 2 Cognitive networks: a Darwinian approach 3 Cognitive networks: a Darwinian approach Philippe Jacquet and Paul Mühlethaler Alcatel Bell Labs INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt [email protected] [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2012